Showing posts with label IIPM SATBARI. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IIPM SATBARI. Show all posts

Monday, October 08, 2012

Indian firms more so!

CEOs have ripped apart shareholders’ wealth globally under the guise of M&As; Indian firms more so! B&E’s Manish K. Pandey, Deepak R. Patra and Karan Mehrishi undertake the most radical analysis of the recent past and destroy age-old perceptions!

But Indians, as we said before, never learn! But hey, isn’t India too supposed to grow on the back of mega-merger deals? Isn’t L. N. Mittal, who succeeded in merging his company with Arcelor (the world’s largest steel corporation), the new purveyor of the rise of Indians? Aren’t flamboyant Indian companies like Tata Steel, Suzlon, Aditya Birla Nuvo, GMR Infra, TCS, Ranbaxy, Apollo, Videocon, ONGC and many more – which have accounted for multi billion dollar M&A deals in the last three years while taking over foreign and domestic corporations – sparkling benchmarks of corporate excellence?

And what about the paeans being sung in the praise of indisputable leaders like Tata Coffee (which bought off 30% of Energy Brands Corporation in the US for an unbelievable $677 million), Dr. Reddy’s Labs (which snapped up Germany’s Betapharm for a gigantic $576 million), Ranbaxy (which gobbled up Terapia of Romania for a smothering $324 million) and innumerable more? Are we simply supposed to believe that most of these Indian M&A deals are, er, stupid? Considering shareholder value, revenue growth, cost synergies, and almost everything a company could have stood for, the answer is yes!

We started with the May 2008 BCG report (The Return of the Strategist) where this former supporter of M&As confirms, “The key question is not whether deal volumes and values will fall or rise, but whether it is still [ever] possible to generate [any] value from [M&A] transactions!... More than half of mergers destroy value for acquirers’ shareholders!” The May 2007 research (Why M&A Deals Are Bad For Shareholders) of the motherlode of all institutions, HBS, quotes, “Most M&A deals destroy shareholder value!”

How has the thinking been a few years back? The April 2004 HBS paper (Should We Brace Ourselves For Another Era Of M&A Value Destruction?) states eloquently, “In the end, M&A is a flawed process, invented by brokers, lawyers and CEOs with super-sized egos!” MarkSirower, author of the famous book Synergy Trap, shows how, on an average, 2/3rds of all deals end up destroying shareholder value. Even the famed McKinsey, once a fanatic supporter of M&As, had to accept that in the US & UK, only one quarter of all M&As even recovered the merger costs.

Their November 2001 hallmark paper (Why Mergers Fail) stated prophetically, “The belief that mergers drive revenue growth could be a myth!” In that paper, McKinsey showed how a massive 78% of companies failed to manage significant growth over a period of three years post the M&A! Professors Weber and Camerer of Carnegie Mellon University, in April 2003, statistically showed in their benchmark thesis (Merger Failure...) that “a majority of corporate mergers fail!” The Economist reported in 1999,“Study after study has shown that 2/3rd of all deals haven’t worked!” CEO Magazine reported similarly, “75% of M&As are disappointing or outright failures!” BCG’s sparkling July 2007 report, The Brave New World of M&As, documents, “Larger deals destroy progressively more value!... Deals that are above $1 billion destroy nearly twice as much value as those under $1 billion!” The hugely referenced Business Strategy Review‘s 2005 paper (Merging on the Miraculous) had the first line, “More than 2/3 M&As fail to create meaningful shareholder value.” The Gartner/Forbes Executive Survey of February 2007 asked top global executives to rank various business issues. ‘Managing M&As’ came last on the 25 factor list! Factors like ‘Attracting and retaining skilled workers’, ‘attracting new customers’, ‘Increasing market share’ etc. were ranked miles above M&As! The Economist Intelligence Unit’s outstanding briefing (Corporate Priorities For 2007) goes better! When more than 1,000 global CEOs were asked, “Which forces will have the greatest impact on the global marketplace in the coming 3 years?,” they ranked ‘M&A activity’ sixth from the bottom! Hilariously, below this were only factors like ‘Catastrophic events (eg. terrorism, natural disasters)’, ‘Advances in back office technologies’, and of course, ‘Others’.

The NYSE CEO Report 2008 put the final nail in the M&A coffin by giving the empirical evidence that “most CEOs think revenue growth in their own companies will be driven far more from organic growth than M&A activity!” It also shows how there is a direct correlation between organic growth and a company’s market capitalisation! Global M&A deals touched $4.48 trillion in 2007 (from $3.61 trillion in 2006); Indian deals touched $51.11 billion in 2007 (from $20.30 billion in 2006).


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.

For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles.
 
IIPM : The B-School with a Human Face
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Monday, September 10, 2012

“The few defaults are due to Migration & Natural Calamities”

M. R. Rao, CEO, SKS Microfinance Ltd.

Launched in 1998, SKS Microfinance is one of the fastest growing Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs) in the world, which has served more than 5 million women members in poor regions of India till date. Of course, the company has been in the news for the wrong reasons following the unceremonious exit of its ex-CEO Suresh Gurumani. Current CEO M. R. Rao talks about the company’s business model and challenges it faces:

B&E: Tell us about SKS’ entire delivery mechanism. What are your other major business growth drivers?
MR: SKS targets the poor and upper poor class. The upper poor class consists of families earning Rs.25,000-Rs.50,000 per annum like medium farmers, small entrepreneurs and families falling just above poverty line like landless laborers. This is the segment of the poor that can most benefit from microfinance. Overall, SKS’ target constitutes of rural (74%) and urban (26%). Through its NGO, Swayam Krishi Sangam, SKS works with the ultra poor or the destitute who need far more intense involvement and a kind of spoon feeding to nurture them and make them use their loans effectively. SKS provides the ultra poor with vocational training, social awareness and health awareness over an 18-month period and also provides these families with assets, which they are taught to manage.

Apart from income generating loans, SKS also offers insurance products jointly with Bajaj Allianz. We have covered nearly 2 million lives across our network with this product. SKS also provides life enhancing products like water purifiers, mobile phones and solar lights at a better prices than the existing market price. Also, SKS is providing housing loans and education loans, which are in the pilot phase. This February, SKS has tied-up with Metro Cash & Carry to supply inventory to SKS members who have Kirana stores.

B&E: How does SKS Micro Finance define its eligibility criteria?
MR: SKS follows the peer-lending model developed by the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. There are two parts involved – formation & administration of the group. A group is a collection of five individuals who come together to gain access to credit. Groups are the building blocks of the peer-lending model, and strict credit discipline starts with strong groups. SKS uses five-member groups. Experience has shown that a five-member group is small enough to effectively enforce group peer pressure and collective responsibility on a unanimous basis. Groups must be self-chosen as only then will members be able to serve as guarantors to each other. Groups must have the following characteristics: Poor, close proximity of members, no close relations in order to avoid personal problems, mutual trust and the adult members should not be above the age of 55 years.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles.
 
IIPM : The B-School with a Human Face
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Monday, September 03, 2012

US: Pranab is still the External Affairs minister

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s State Department considers Pranab Mukherjee to be India’s foreign minister! More similar gaffes inside...

Truth is stranger than fiction, but fiction does appear to have an irresistible appeal for two of the world’s largest administrative agencies, the US State Department and CIA. The official web portals and communiqués of the US State Department and CIA are splattered with notable misinformation and errors that would be necessarily considered highly affronting at a diplomatic level.

Last week, we showed how both the State Department and CIA confidently misrepresented India’s map (and showed Kashmir as part of Pakistan) on their websites. We had no idea there was more to come – perhaps even ‘the’ reason for why the Americans seem to be making no headway with India on foreign affairs. The US State Department’s official website mentions that the Minister of External Affairs of India is (still) Pranab Mukherjee! S. M. Krishna, the current Foreign Minister of India since May 2009, has been notably left out of the State Department’s official communiqués. Incidentally, Krishna has also met Barack Obama in various forums, including at New York in September 2009. Not all listed information is wrong, though. Some US government letters are thankfully still reaching the right addresses in India. The Home Minister of India is correctly named as P. Chidambaram; and so are some other Indian politicians.

Mistakes on the CIA and State Department’s websites are not only India-centric but can be found in the case of other countries too. What’s interesting is that, in spite of the official websites of these respective countries portraying genuine information, the US has failed to recognise the same in its own records. First, the comical. In South Korea, three years ago, a series of protests against the CIA finally forced the agency to correct the information about South Korea’s origins (CIA had earlier amusingly stated that “South Korea has been a nation for a millennium;” South Korea, apparently a stickler for dates, protested en masse as this nation has been in existence only since the last 4000 years).


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Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Have movie-makers ended up distorting

Image is to the mind what perception is to the soul. Have movie-makers ended up distorting both in an attempt to deliver ‘happy’ stories?

If one reads the research papers by anthropologists like Desmond Morris and by authors like Barbara & Allan Pease, one can draw how these movies are an additional burden for the already-very-different-species called men and women! According to their researches, men and women have evolved differently. “Nest-defenders, to safeguard their family’s survival, needed to be able to pick-up small changes in the behaviour of their offspring that could signal pain, hunger, injury, aggression or depression. Males, being lunch-chasers, were never around the cave long enough to learn to read non-verbal signals or the ways of interpersonal communication,” as quoted in one of Allan and Barbara Pease’s books, Why Men Don’t Listen & Women can’t Read Maps.

While the above may be true, it’s difficult to ignore in the film the tender moments, the glances and words, and even more difficult to deny oneself the possibility of a life so complete. After all, dreaming is the first step towards fulfilling a dream! But living and working towards just one dream (of love) isn’t the brightest idea either!


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Tuesday, August 21, 2012

The intrigue of the islands

A mysterious and fascinating set of islands lie in the Bay of Bengal, ready to give your most adventurous imagination wings…

The British came here and so did the Japanese, but the mystery of the group of islands that is Andaman and Nicobar islands was never quite unravelled. Even after years of studies and observations, practically little is known of the origin and the people of these islands and this sense of intrigue and the feeling of a mysterious air about the place will overwhelm you if you happen to land on these islands – any of the 572 of them cradled perilously in the Bay of Bengal.

There is a sense of the primordial among the flora, fauna and the indigenous people of the islands – the most fascinating bit about exploring the Andamans. Always inhabited by aboriginal tribes, many of whom still live the lives of hunters and gatherers, the inaccessibility of the islands had made them an object of fascination. The existence of the islands had been known for centuries (they find reference in early historical writings of Roman geographer Ptolemy) but the first attempt at an outside settlement on the islands was by the British in 1789. They had to abandon it seven years later because of the inhospitable locals and the immense logistical challenge of connectivity to the mainland.

Oddly, they returned in 1858, this time establishing a penal settlement – the dreaded and the feared ‘Kaala Paani’ or the Cellular Jail. The jail held mutineers from the First War of Indian Independence, even some criminal tribes and refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan apart from other freedom fighters later on. My visit to the jail was a unique experience because a first-hand experience of the conditions there is enough to make your hair stand on its end. You can go around the courtyard, see the cells and the gallows and also look over the horizon from atop the wings. One bit of trivia I got to know was that the sight of the lighthouse and the island imprinted on our twenty Rupee notes is a view from the top of the wing facing the sea. The prison initially had seven wings, with the watch tower at the centre. Today, only three remain (the rest had been destroyed by the Japanese during World War II), and it has been branded a national monument. The Japanese briefly controlled the islands from 1942-1945, a period in which though innocent blood was shed, there was development of the basic amenities, especially in Port Blair.


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Monday, August 20, 2012

The strange cases of Benjamin Buttons!

While drug makers around the world are lamenting the death of their patent rights on many blockbusters, there is a certain tribe smiling about it – the Indian generic tribe

A year back, when John Lechleiter took charge as the CEO of the $21.8 billion-a-year earning US pharma giant Eli Lilly, he decided to send his top executives a gift. It was a digital clock, which counted backwards, second by second. The clock was programmed to stop ticking precisely 48,384,000 seconds later. The deadline – October 23, 2011, the day when Eli Lilly’s top-selling (which raked-in $4.9 billion in 2009) schizophrenia pill Zyprexa would go off-patent, setting-off the alarm for generic drug companies to work double-time. This is however, not the only heartache in store for Lechleiter. Besides two more blockbusters losing their exclusivity rights by 2016 (its second-best selling Cymbalta expires 2013 and its third-best Alimta in 2016 – two drugs that make for another $4.8 billion-a-year), two of its most promising compounds failed the final clinical trials last year. Result: Lilly’s stock could not withstand the shock that the company had no new compound ready to hit the global market, while standing to lose close to $10 billion (of its $21.8 billion revenues FY2009) by 2016. It became the worst performer amongst the eleven S&P pharma stocks, and fell by 11% in just the year 2009. This is however just the beginning of the landslide for Eli Lilly, and much remains to be seen. As for the clock, it has started ticking backwards, and it’s the generic challengers that are waiting for the time, to make most of the misery of the once-proud patent holders, Lilly being just an instance.

When shareholders don’t like you, they let you go sans remorse. Much as this sounds a “generic” take on shareholder activism, it is true. Jean-Paul Garnier was voted out despite trying hard for seven-and-a-half years to revive the GlaxoSmithKline stock. Busy ensuring delivery of drugs at cost and selling 90% of its vaccines at not-for-profit prices in developing economies, it lost focus on new drug discovery. During his tenure, the GSK stock had fallen by 41%. He got the boot in May 2008. His successor Andrew Witty hasn’t made amends yet. Since February 2009, the company has enforced price cuts on its patented versions, in more than 50 countries, while winning just one patent (on a vaccine for H1N1 influenza). Witty is dreading the day when the second-highest selling drug in history, the $7.8 billion-a-year earning Advair, expires on April 1, 2011. Pfizer, the biggest pharma giant is no exception. CEO Henry McKinnell was booed-out in June 2006, following a stagnant stock price. His successor Jeff Kindler hasn’t been an exception. Under him, Pfizer’s stock has touched the sub-$18 level for the second time in over a decade and its bottomlines for 2009 have shown a drop of 57% as compared to pre-Kindler days. Worse, despite losing patents on 14 big drugs by 2014 (representing 70% of its annual revenue for 2009), its new launches have simply been shadows. Of the biggest setbacks will be the losses of Lipitor’s patent (the largest-selling drug ever) in 2011, and that of Viagra in 2012 and Celebrex in 2013 – add the losses from these two, and you would have Pfizer’s revenues being reduced by an alarming $13.74 billion (as per Evaluate Pharma, loss of revenues, post-patent expiry, is estimated at 85%). “Pfizer has a number of downward revenue revisions. You have to believe board members are scratching their heads,” says David S. Moskowitz, Analyst at Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group Inc. The company has 148 compounds in the early developmental stages, but hopes of producing another blockbuster drug remains a fantasy.

Time is running out fast for these Benjamin Buttons of the pharma world, and of the lot most hated by them, the Indians are definitely on top of the list! But the volume-playing generic players in the country won’t mind it. The potential that lies in wait to be tapped by the Indian players can be imagined by the fact that despite being the third largest player in terms of volumes in the world, the Indian pharma market is still 14th in terms of value ($21.04 billion, as per Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers). A market which was written-off about half-a-decade back, when the world was heaving forward at a great rate of knots to catch the patent blockbusters bus, is now chugging ahead faster than imagined before. While the domestic market alone is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12-15%, as opposed to a global average of 4-7% during 2008-2013 (according to an October 2009 report released by research firm IMS Health), Indian pharma companies are finding the proposition of lapping up the opportunities granted by the patent expiries simply irresistible. Over the next two years, more than 26 bestsellers, with an annual value of $70 billion (Rs.3.1 trillion) are going off-patent, representing 240% of the current Indian pharma space. This justifies well why despite struggling to win approvals for generic versions from the USFDA, Indian drugmakers are filing for generic licences at a brisk pace. Indian companies have filed for approvals to market 11 of 15 drugs that go off-patent by 2010 and 22 of the 26 that expire by 2012. “These developments present large opportunities to the Indian pharma companies and with their low-cost manufacturing capabilities India is well-positioned to tap the opportunities,” says Animesh Kumar, Principal Consultant, Datamonitor Healthcare to B&E.

Explaining his company’s outlook in the generics space, Ramesh Adige, President, Ranbaxy tells B&E, “Ranbaxy is today well positioned in the global generics space and is amongst the top 10 generic companies globally offering products in over 125 countries. With over $80 billion of drugs going off patent by 2012, the generics market will continue to provide attractive growth opportunities in future.” Even Uday Baldota, VP – Investor Relations, Sun Pharma tells B&E, “In our view, generic drugs is a significant, growing and profitable opportunity, worldwide. We are working towards getting a meaningful presence in the worldwide generic industry over the longer term.” As per a report by HDFC Securities, 34 Indian players are looking ahead to play this game. While Dr. Reddy’s stands to gain the most, there are others like Ranbaxy and Sun Pharma (despite their troubles with USFDA), which are amongst the top gainers. Even Cipla, which has so far avoided the US market, has filed for permission to market generic/low-cost editions of drugs that make over $45 billion annually! While 10 Indian firms have seeked permission to sell generic versions of the highest-selling Lipitor, in US alone, it is Merck’s Cozaar (anti-diabetic drug) and Astra Zeneca’s Arimidex (anti-cancer), which have received the maximum number of applications from the country.


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Saturday, August 11, 2012

Tale of a tri-city

Chandigarh is fast moving beyond the shadow of its legacy of being a sleepy town to a hot hub of realty opportunities, says nirupama dutt

No longer can Chandigarh be dismissed as a sleepy little town on the Shivalik foothills, which was described by a cynical writer as the abode of green bushes and white beards. Up North, it is the fastest growing city and as predictions go it is going to be India’s richest city in three decades; with Delhi following close on its heels. This is a great change for a city that showed very slow growth in the first fifty years of existence. Even the tiniest piece of land of around 125 square meters is over a couple of crores. Yet it has takers aplenty; including landlords, industrialists, NRIs, doctors, lawyers and bureaucrats.

Its great location in the Shivalik foothills, proximity to Delhi and its growth as an IT city; all work to Chandigarh’s advantage. The Chandigarh Technology Park has attracted many multi-nationals like Infosys, Wipro & Convergys. Quark is also planning to establishing a ‘Quark city’ in Mohali. Earlier, many professionals had to shift to other places in search of high employment. Due to advancements in IT sector, the city has become a virtual magnet for professionals. It has also helped improve the economy and quality of life in the city. Now the city has its share of malls and multiplexes with builders moving in to make the most of the changing mood.

Chandigarh has limited land; so adjoining areas like Mohali, Panchkula, Zirakpur and Kharar are developing very fast. Ritu Singal, MD, Raglan Infrastructure Limited, says: Chandigarh’s periphery is the area of the future as property has now gone out of the reach of common man. So over the next few years, Derabassi, Kharar and Zirakpur would be to Chandigarh what Gurgaon is to Delhi now.”

Besides the big fish, a large number of local builders have made their fortunes in real estate. The builders are now selling the concept of luxurious apartments and penthouses. The rates of property in these areas adjoining Chandigarh are still affordable and thus property developers are making a beeline to make investments there. They are expected to make huge returns on these investments in the near future with the considerable increase in commercial and infrastructure development activities taking place. In main city, owners are converting their spaces into one, two and three bedroom apartments and giving them out on lease or rent. Also, floors are being refurbished into small shops and retail outlets to meet the demand for commercial property. Shravan Gupta, Executive VC and MD, Emaar MGF, says: “Punjab is a progressive state and offers endless opportunities of development aligning with our vision of ‘Creating a new India’.”

Ludhiana is another classic case of the big boom in property and Ashok Malhotra CMD AMGECO (Ashok Malhotra Group of Companies) says: “The boom was due for a long time. In winters, the hosiery market had done great business and the profits were high.” AMGECO has come up with the first IT Park in Ludhiana and is moving onto group housing colonies on the highway.


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Wednesday, August 08, 2012

THE PHOENIX PERFORMERS

After a rather disappointing & loss-plagued 2009, the year ahead will mark a turnaround in the books of the Indian aviation industry. Steven Philip Warner explains…

With revival in air traffic being witnessed in the second half of 2009, there is no doubt that even in terms of footfalls, the sector will experience a better 2010, perhaps even bettering the 7.8% increase in passenger count seen during the year. All-in-all, 2010 will be a year which is bound to witness some restructuring acts with minimum focus on inorganic and fleet expansion activities. Hatim Broachwala, aviation analyst, Khandwala Securities says, “As the load factor is still low and output costs are increasing, airlines should refrain from taking up any expansion plan as this would further burden the airlines. They should instead focus on consolidating and finding out ways to increase their air traffic.”

The key focus areas for some of the airlines are expected to be as follows: Air India – restructuring and conversion of about 30% of its capacity into the budget model; Jet Airways – increased focus on its international operations, which today contributes to 62% of its revenues, with domestic operations increasing turning all-economy; and Kingfisher Airlines – restructuring of its cost base (including reductions in debt obligations) and reworking on fleet composition, especially for its longhaul operations to North America. For 2010, IndiGo, which has been the leading example of an efficient LCC, and the only one to make profits in 2009, will continue grabbing more space, with six more aircraft expected to be inducted in 2010. With fare increases expected in the first quarter of 2010, reduced competition, rational pricing & implementation of cost control measures will lead to a better year ahead for the airlines!

All in all, taking into account impossible-to-forecast government policies, one can safely say that once written off (all thanks to their suicidal strategies), a now ‘more disciplined’ aviators’ lot is bound to strike back with improved bottomlines this forthcoming fisca

GLOBALLY, IT’S TOUGH LUCK!

Globally, the sector is witnessing a rise in traffic, although yields continue to remain under pressure. Encouragingly, in the APAC region, during the past six months, there has been a increase in volumes. However, the damage inflicted by 2009 will time beyond 2010 to repair. Thus, global carriers need to remain disciplined on costs and capacity in 2010. The good news is that 2010 will see a definite improvement, with narrower losses (at $5,6 billion) as compared to $11 billion in 2009; the bad news is – profit-making days are more than just a year away for the sector, globally.

Read more.....

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